I had a similar problem for months where I'd see it in bookshelf threads but fucking nobody on lit could give me a real, personal synopsis of what the book was about or what it was like. After stumbling on a few excerpts I decided to dive in and am happy I did.
The general idea is . Burton takes an outdated but genuinely scientific approach to what we would now call depression. He leans on tons of ancient but also contemporary history for anecdotes and quotes, the bible is quoted constantly and christianity is hugely significant, not just as a source of stories but, as he believes, as a succor to those in pain.
>Thou art here vexed in this world; but say to thyself, "Why are thou troubled, O my soul?" Is not God better to thee than all temporalities, and momentary pleasures of the world? be the pacified. And though thou beest now peradventure in extreme want, it may be 'tis for thy further good, to try thy patience, as it did Job's, and exercise thee in this life: trust in God, and rely upon Him, and thou shalt be crowned in the end. What's this life to eternity?...God is a spectator of all thy miseries, He sees thy wrongs, woes, and wants..."Rejoice not against me, O my enemy; for though I fall, I shall rise: when I sit in darkness, the Lord shall lighten me."
With that said, it doesn't stray into platitudes. It reads as though Burton himself were/had been depressed, so he empathizes and acknowledges that sometimes faith isn't enough, and that depression is a very real and human pain. One of the best sections is about suicide, which he does not condone or approve of, but recognizes as possibly "good" and sometimes necessary:
>Out of the anguish and vexation of their souls, [men] offer violence to themselves...They seek at last, finding no comfort, no remedy in this wretched life, to be eased of all by death...There remains no more to such persons, if that heavenly Physician, by His assisting grace and mercy alone, do not prevent (for no human persuasion or art can help), but to be their own butchers...One day of grief is an hundred years...a cruel torture of the soul, a most inexplicable grief, poisoned worm, consuming body and soul and gnawing the very heart, a perpetual executioner, a continual night...a plague of the soul, the cramp and convulsion of the soul; an epitome of hell, and if there be a hell upon earth, it is to be found in a melancholy man's heart.
>Seneca well adviseth: be justly offended with [the suicide[ as he was a murderer, but pity him now as a dead man. Thus of their goods and bodies we can dispose; but what shall become of their souls, God alone can tell; His mercy may come betwixt the bridge and the brook, the knife and the throat. What happens to someone may happen to anyone. Who knows how he may be tempted? It is his case, it may be thine. We ought not to be so rash and rigorous in our censures as some are; charity will judge and hope the best; God be merciful unto us all!