Reminder american and german bankers (mostly jewish) gave money and weapons to the bolsheviks to set up a kosher system in Russia and replace the 1000+ year czarist rule
Reminder american and german bankers (mostly jewish) gave money and weapons to the bolsheviks to set up a kosher system...
Michael Wilson
Other urls found in this thread:
en.wikipedia.org
voltairenet.org
wildboar.net
timesofisrael.com
day.kyiv.ua
tabletmag.com
en.wikipedia.org
amazon.com
books.google.com
wnd.com
amazon.com
ynetnews.com
content.time.com
youtube.com
amazon.com
en.wikisource.org
amazon.com
amazon.com
amazon.com
twitter.com
Camden Davis
Since when was Kaiser Wilhelm's government Jewish? Doesn't that mean the Kiel Mutiny and the German revolution in general was against the Jews? Why was Hitler so upset about a revolution that ousted the Jews from power?
Lincoln Sanders
The Bolsheviks didn't overthrow the Czar, they overthrew the Provisional Government that took charge after the Czar abdicated. Why should we value your opinion if you can't get the most basic facts right?
Eli Baker
I'm not going to write you off as a dipshit and accomplish nothing this time. I'm going to make an example out of you.
Please cite your sources, because I'd love to hear more about your theory and see if it holds up. If you cannot do so then I win by default. Let's do this, shall we?
Isaac Murphy
en.wikipedia.org
voltairenet.org
wildboar.net
Even Times of Israel don't deny it
timesofisrael.com
> Trotsky in his book My Life tells of a British financier, who in 1907 gave him a "large loan" to be repaid after the overthrow of the Tsar. Arsene de Goulevitch, who witnessed the Bolshevik Revolution firsthand, has identified both the name of the financier and the amount of the loan. "In private interviews", he said, "I have been told that over 21 million rubles were spent by Lord [Alfred] Milner in financing the Russian Revolution... The financier just mentioned was by no means alone among the British to support the Russian revolution with large financial donations." Another name specifically mentioned by de Goulevitch was that of Sir George Buchanan, the British Ambassador to Russia at the time. (See Arsene de Goulevitch: Czarism and Revolution, published by Omni Publications in Hawthorne, California, no date; rpt. from 1962 French edition, pp. 224, 230)
Tyler Bennett
Well that's great, OP. Great detective work, mate!
Go and cry elsewhere.
Jordan Morales
>Since when was Kaiser Wilhelm's government Jewish?
>On Jan. 15, 1915 the German ambassador in Istanbul sent a report to Berlin, relating about his meeting with a Russian subject Aleksander Gelfand (aka Parvus), an active participant of the revolution of 1905-07 and owner of a large trade company. Parvus acquainted the German ambassador with the plan of the Russian revolution. He was immediately invited to Berlin, where he met with some influential cabinet members and advisors to Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg.
>Parvus suggested that the Germans give him a large sum of money to help promote, firstly, the national movements in Finland and Ukraine and secondly, to support the Bolsheviks, who propagated the idea of the defeat of the Russian empire in the unjust war for the sake of overthrowing the “regime of landlords and capitalists.”
>Parvus’ suggestions were accepted; on Kaiser Wilhelm’s personal order, he was given two million German marks as the first contribution to “the cause of the Russian revolution.” Later, other installments followed, some of them for greater sums. Thus, according to a receipt made by Parvus, on Jan. 29, 1915 he received 15 million in Russian bills for the development of the revolutionary movement in Russia. The money was allotted with the typical German efficiency
>[...]“Our joint efforts have yielded considerable results. Without our constant support, the Bolshevist movement could have never reached the scale and influence it now has. Everything testifies to the further growth of this movement.” These were the words of German secretary of state, Richard von Kuehlmann, written on Sept. 29, 1917. It was a month and a half before the Bolshevik revolt in Petrograd.
>day.kyiv.ua
Christopher Jenkins
Reminder the original second volume was published between 1918-1919 right after WW1
>There is no proletarian, not even a Communist movement, that has not operated in the interests of money, and for the time being permitted by money – and that without the idealists among its leaders having the slightest suspicion of the fact.
"The Decline of the West'', Vol. II, trans. C.F. Atkinson (1928), p. 401
Camden Allen
In the year of 2000 there were seven countries without a (((Rothschild)) owned Central Bank: Afghanistan, Iraq, Sudan, Libya, Cuba, North Korea, Iran
The only countries left in 2003 without a Central Bank owned by the Rothschild Family were: Sudan, Libya, Cuba, North Korea, Iran
The only countries left in 2017 without a Central Bank owned or controlled by the Rothschild Family are: Cuba, North Korea, Iran
Who's next?
Jackson Morales
Any proof of this?
Carter Kelly
...
Hunter Thompson
Why is controversial to point out the federal reserve is solely controlled by Jews? Wouldn't it be weird if it was solely controlled by Chinese?
Nolan Robinson
This is another important quote
>It was not until the Bolsheviks had received from us a steady flow of funds through various channels and under varying labels that they were in a position to be able to build up their main organ Pravda, to conduct energetic propaganda and appreciably to extend the originally narrow base of their party.
-- Von Kühlmann, minister of foreign affairs, to the kaiser, December 3, 1917
Source: SCHILD, GEORG M. - ''Between Ideology and Realpolitik: Woodrow Wilson and the Russian Revolution'', 1995. pg. 45.
John Hughes
Despite the fact that most of the Fed Reserve heads have been fucking Irish. That picture is retarded. You can't just slap a quote onto a random, unverified photo.
Brayden Evans
Pic related. Also just look at history.
Chase Campbell
Are you retarded?
>It is significant that documents in the State Department files confirm that the investment banker Jacob Schiff, often cited as a source of funds for the Bolshevik Revolution, was in fact against support of the Bolshevik regime. This position, as we shall see, was in direct contrast to the Morgan-Rockefeller promotion of the Bolsheviks.
It's in the book you linked yourself. Which also says:
>The persistence with which the Jewish-conspiracy myth has been pushed suggests that it may well be a deliberate device to divert attention from the real issues and the real causes. The evidence provided in this book suggests that the New York bankers who were also Jewish had relatively minor roles in supporting the Bolsheviks, while the New York bankers who were also Gentiles (Morgan, Rockefeller, Thompson) had major roles.
Go spread lies to your containment board, stormfag.
Jackson Cooper
So no proof. Got it.
Cooper Bell
JANET YELLEN IS POISED TO BE THE THIRD JEWISH FED CHAIR IN A ROW
tabletmag.com
McFadden inveighed against Meyer’s Fed in a 25-minute speech delivered on the House floor in 1932:
>Some people think the Federal reserve banks are United States Government Institutions. They are not Government institutions. They are private credit monopolies which prey upon the people of the United States for the benefit of themselves and their foreign customers; foreign and domestic speculators and swindlers; and rich and predatory money lenders. … Those 12 private credit monopolies were deceitfully and disloyally foisted upon this country by bankers who came here from Europe and who repaid us for our hospitality by undermining our American institutions. Those bankers took money out of this country to finance Japan in a war against Russia. They created a reign of terror in Russia with our money in order to help that war along. They instigated the separate peace between Germany and Russia and thus drove a wedge between the allies in the World War. They financed Trotsky’s mass meetings of discontent and rebellion in New York. They paid Trotsky’s passages from New York to Russia so that he might assist in the destruction of the Russian Empire. They fomented and instigated the Russian revolution and they placed a large fund of American dollars at Trotsky’s disposal in one of their branch banks in Sweden so that through him Russian homes might be thoroughly broken up and Russian children flung far and wide from their natural protectors. They have since begun the breaking up of American homes and the dispersal of American children.
en.wikipedia.org
Tyler Anderson
When did he say that phrase? Where? To whom?
Furthermore, an inane phrase like "just look at history" switches the burden of proof and I think kind of shows circular logic, am I supposed to find the evidence for an alleged part of history by looking at history?
Evan Richardson
This board would be so much better without the (((shills))) constantly demanding (((evidence))).
Nathan Diaz
b-b-b-but muh quotes and /pol/ infographs, it's already proven without doubt
Joshua Peterson
The book you quoted is SUGGESTING Jacob Schiff didn't finance Bolshevism himself but it was other bankers(who were also jewish).
However no one can deny (not even the author himself) that the bankers were jewish.
Also there is another british author who is pro-Israel that cited various sources as Jacob Schiff investing in the bolshevik revolution
Source: www.nicholashagger.co.uk/the-secret-history-of-the-west-the-influence-of-secret-organisations-on-western-history-from-the-renaissance-to-the-20th-century
P.S: Anthony C. Sutton called Rockefeller a gentile because he didn't have any source of his origins. In fact no one even knows the real name of the original Rockefeller immigrant (it is thought his real last name was Rockerfellden) but it's widely known the Rockefeller's first bank joint was with jews.
Adrian Brown
>stormfags
>caring about logic
Noah James
>American bankers
Retarded meme, the commies seized assets of Americans. The weapon "loans" were contracts made under Imperial Russia and the arms factories even had to be bailed out as they couldn't get their money from a now nonexistent client.
Caleb Sanchez
Source 1: Another great source proving socialism = money scheme: Source 2 and 3: Source 4: Arsene de Goulevitch: Czarism and Revolution, published by Omni Publications in Hawthorne, California, no date; rpt. from 1962 French edition, pp. 224, 230
Henry Cook
Are you actually insinuating John D. Was of Jewish descent? Is this a joke?
The son of a fucking poor Scots-Irish lumberman is somehow in league with Jewish bankers.
>it is though his real last name was Rockerfellden
>source: hitlerdidnothingwrong.blogspot
Ethan Scott
>i have no evidence for my victim mentality. stop asking
t. you
Blake Phillips
>throwing a hissy fit that people want evidence for your claims
((((((fuck off))))))
Elijah Gomez
>Rockerfellden
The one who said this was Nicholas Hagger.
Here is the book
amazon.com
books.google.com
Colton Gray
>The book you quoted is SUGGESTING
The evidence the book provides suggests a conclusion that contradicts you, yes.
>However no one can deny (not even the author himself) that the bankers were jewish.
Yes, one can. And in fact one does. Can you read?
>the New York bankers who were also Jewish had relatively minor roles in supporting the Bolsheviks, while the New York bankers who were also Gentiles (Morgan, Rockefeller, Thompson) had major roles
>Also there is another british author who is pro-Israel that cited various sources as Jacob Schiff investing in the bolshevik revolution
I control-f-ed your link and didn't find any mention of him. Be more specific, especially regarding the evidence.
But it's a lost battle anyway, it's obvious that non jews had a major role in the financing, making your JOO conspiracy a cherrypick in the best case, and a lie in the worst.
>P.S: Anthony C. Sutton called Rockefeller a gentile because he didn't have any source of his origins. In fact no one even knows the real name of the original Rockefeller immigrant (it is thought his real last name was Rockerfellden) but it's widely known the Rockefeller's first bank joint was with jews.
>it's a I'm going to pretend everyone is a jew when it is proven that the people behind what I dislike weren't actually jews episode
Remember when stormfags were trying to convince Veeky Forums that stalin meant son of jews and that beria was a jew? You can fuck right off.
Christopher Edwards
>Jews samefagging in this thread
Mods pls do something
Robert Lewis
>suggests a conclusion
exactly.
>contradicts you
no because as I told you there is another source claiming Jacob S. was supporting the bolshevik revolution.
Plus I gave you 3 direct quotes from germans working in the german government saying they financed the Bolsheviks.
Nathan Collins
You can't stop us goy
Xavier Walker
I just searched the Google Books search and "Rockerfellden" did not come up.
Isaiah Smith
>Source 1
>Source 2 and 3
Nothing to do with da joos.
>Another great source proving socialism = money scheme
How is sprengler's opinion on communism a proof of anything? How braindead are you?
>no because as I told you there is another source claiming Jacob S. was supporting the bolshevik revolution
Whose evidence you are unable to cite.
Henry Clark
I found another source. Now there are two sources saying Jacob S. financed the bolsheviks and another source confirming Germans gave money to Lenin and Trotsky
>The German Social Democrat, Eduard Bernstein, later said that the sum supplied to Lenin by the Kaiser “was very large, an almost unbelievable amount, certainly more than 50 million gold marks.”
>General Max von Hoffmann, who negotiated the German-Soviet
Brest-Litovsk peace treaty, later confirmed: “Lenin and his comrades received vast sums of money from the Kaiser’s government for their destructive agitation.”
wnd.com
The source for Jacob S. bolshevik involvement is "The Struggle for World Power" by George Knupffer amazon.com
unfortunately only a few pages of the book are available online. I have the book here, I'll find it again and take a picture if I find my camera.
Jason Anderson
>what was the allied intervention during the russian civil war
Connor Powell
The search would actually come up with Rockerfellden. If it was withholding pages it would have said there were pages being withhold. That's how Google Books works.
Eli Peterson
Even (((Google))) agrees
Just type in "only 3 c-"
The masses are waking up.
Ryan Myers
Also, no amount of Google searches comes up with his claim. Why hasn't it been substantiated
by any other source?
Thomas James
You are still unable to post the evidence regarding Schiff. And the fact that germany was interested in bolshevik's success to get them out of war is completely uncontroversial.
Easton Johnson
Google suggestions vary depending on your previous searches. The only thing your pic tells us is that you are a huge stormfag.
Parker Howard
>The search would actually come up with Rockerfellden
Wrong because the book is not digitalized.
It works like this: when the book is 100% digitalized you can search and it will confirm even if you can't see it
I have the books in my hands here give me a few minutes I'll give you the page.
Also, on page 393 it's interesting.. "Lenin made the 1917 goverment of jews, his mother was jewish just like most of party. [...] Another list made in april 1918 shows that there 300 jews commissars in the first year."
Jordan Morris
Despite it not being peer reviewed whatsoever, I'll indulge you.
Show me the actual pictures of it saying that and his proof that this is the case.
Kevin James
>You are still unable to post the evidence regarding Schiff
I posted
>The source for Jacob S. bolshevik involvement is "The Struggle for World Power" by George Knupffer amazon.com
if you are offended sue the author or the publishing company. I'm only reporting here what they wrote and what it was published.
Jason Thompson
Searching your quotes yields no results. And lenin's mother wasn't jewish. In fact, lenin was given a christian name and believed in a christian god until his father died.
You are a pathological liar.
Lucas Price
Linking to an amazon page is not evidence. Post the evidence or fuck off faggot.
Josiah Flores
Not true (((user))). Try it yourself. Counter-Semitism is on the rise.
Kevin Bailey
>Despite it not being peer reviewed
No one knows exactly the name of the first Rockefeller immigrant that arrived in United States.
You don't have the birth certificate neither do I. That's why I cited a source that is suggesting his real name was Rockefelden. The author himself don't claim to know 100% what his real name was.
>You are a pathological liar.
I'm not saying Lenin's mother was jewish, I'm reporting that in the book I have in my hands which I typed verbatim said his mother was jewish.
ynetnews, a jewish newspaper also confirms Lenin's jewish roots.
ynetnews.com
Declassified KGB Files also confirms Lenin's jewish descent.
content.time.com
Julian Allen
>stormnigger is incapable of giving evidence for his beliefs
>starts calling everyone jews
Who would have guessed!
Nolan Perry
>still doesn't post the """proof""" from the book
You are a fraud and a charlatan. Get the fuck off this board.
Grayson Long
>I'm going to make an example out of you
I'm not OP and I even agree with you. But you're still really fucking autistic m8
Samuel Rivera
youtube.com
Jean-Claude Van Damme exposed the Rothschilds
David Ward
Another book I have here.
Verbatim citation
"There was 20 million dollars in the name of Leon Trotsky deposited in Warburg's bank in Sweden and in Nya Bank of Stockholm."
Source: René Wormser, " Foundations, Their Power and Influence", pg 127
amazon.com
Samuel Russell
>I'm not saying Lenin's mother was jewish, I'm reporting that in the book I have in my hands which I typed verbatim said his mother was jewish.
Then your book is objectively shit with claims that can be refuted with a quick google, which makes it a terrible source. But given my experience with stormfags, I find it more believable that you are lying. But I could be wrong.
>ynetnews, a jewish newspaper also confirms Lenin's jewish roots.
>Declassified KGB Files also confirms Lenin's jewish descent.
A jewish grandparent doesn't make you jewish, neither by jewish nor by nazi standards. And both lenin and his mother were raised christians. None of your links say otherwise (they do however suggest that he wasn't even aware of that descent, which makes your conspiracy theory even more retarded).
Asher Roberts
It's very dangerous to name the (((Rothschilds))). You'll get killed. That's why JFK is dead. They have unbelievable power.
Christian Wright
>And both lenin and his mother were raised christians
False. His father was not jew but his mother was and judaism is passed by the mother.
I also have another interesting quote
New York Journal-American from February 3, 1949: "Old Schiff estimated he spent almost 20 million dollars for the triumph of the Bolshevik revolution"
Sue the author and the publishing house. I'm only giving verbatim quotes.
Jose Wood
His maternal grandfather was a Jew who converted to Christianity, but assimilated completely. Therefore, he's not a Jew by Jewish law because his mother isn't. Culturally, he wasn't raised Jewish. Genetically, he was twice as Russian as he was Jewish and as Chuvash as he was Jewish yet no one ever calls him Chuvash. Why is that?
Thomas Edwards
Then murdered the royal familu
Grayson Lopez
His mother wasn't a Jew though you liar. If your dad is a Jew, you aren't a Jew. His mother's mother was a Gentile Christian and mother's father was a Jew who converted and assimilated.
Joshua Brown
>False. His father was not jew but his mother was and judaism is passed by the mother.
False.
>Well educated and from a relatively prosperous background, she was the daughter of a German–Swedish woman and a Russian Jewish physician who had converted to Christianity.
Again, you are a pathological liar.
>I also have another interesting quote
I don't give a fuck about quotes, come back when you have evidence.
Luis Campbell
Then why haven't you and all the other stormfags been tracked down and killed in your sleep despite their "unbelievable power"?
Why hasn't JCVD been hunted and killed yet?
Tyler Hernandez
I am still waiting for pictures, Stormfag.
Kevin Lee
The only thing the (((conspiracy))) can't deal with is neckbeards in taiwanese forums.
Ryan Davis
I love how googling all these quotes bring up nothing from the actual sources but just from random websites that look like they were set up in the 1990's.
Aaron James
>He took Lenin as his nom de guerre in 1901 while in Siberian exile near the Lena River.
Many jews from the bolshevik party changed their names
Karol Sobelsohn -> Karl Radek
Lev Davidovich Bronstein -> Leon Trotsky
Gregory Apfelbaum -> Gregory Zinoviev
That's your interpretation, not the actual facts. The facts is that if your mother is jewish you are jew by birth.
What's the problem admitting Lenin's mother was jewish? Literally 80% of the bolshevik party was jewish.
Would you love Lenin less if you knew he was a jew?
Owen Jenkins
>I love how googling all these quotes bring up nothing
because these books are not digitized. That's why you have to read books instead of read wikipedia.
Nicholas White
>Literally 80% of the bolshevik party was jewish.
Proof?
Brandon Flores
>What's the problem admitting Lenin's mother was jewish? Literally 80% of the bolshevik party was jewish.
>Would you love Lenin less if you knew he was a jew?
Because I just proved she wasn't. Of course, you don't give a fuck about truth, you care about spreading your stormnigger cancer.
Jaxon Morris
>That's your interpretation
No it isn't you dope. If your mother's mother's mother's mother's mother's mother's mother is a Jew, you are a Jew. If your dad is a Jew, you are a Gentile. This is Jewish law.
>The facts is that if your mother is jewish you are jew by birth.
Which is why he isn't a Jew, because Lenin's mother was a Gentile, as was his father.
Carter Perez
Ok, take the picture of that quote from that non-peer reviewed book that you claim to have in your hands.
Carson Garcia
>Israel Newspaper says she was jewish
>B-BUT STORMNIGGER
Pathetic.
Owen Gomez
I'm Australian. So therefore if I say all Australians can fly therefore it's true because I am Australian.
Julian Jenkins
What the fuck are you talking about you gigantic retard? Her mother wasn't jewish and she wasn't raised as jewish. This isn't up for debate. Follow your leader and kill yourself already.
Asher Kelly
>Bolshevism among the Jews is nothing new. From the days of Spartacus-Weishaupt to those of Karl Marx, and down to Trotsky (Russia), Bela Kun (Hungary), Rosa Luxemburg (Germany), and Emma Goldman (United States), this world-wide conspiracy for the overthrow of civilisation and for the reconstitution of society on the basis of arrested development, of envious malevolence, and impossible equality, has been steadily growing
Full text:
Zionism Versus Bolshevism (1920)
by Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
en.wikisource.org
Austin Sanders
It's an objective fact she wasn't Jewish. She was Christian and her mother was a Gentile which makes her not Jewish. Therefore so was her Goy son Lenin she had with her Goy husband.
Alexander Perry
19,564 is 80% of 370,742? Do they do math differently in whatever country you come from?
Juan James
Not an argument
Jeremiah Ortiz
Whoops, was meant for
William Adams
>It's an objective fact she wasn't Jewish
"He came from a poor Jewish family and was, according to his baptismal certificate, the son of Moses Blank, a native of (the western Ukrainian city of) Zhitomir," Ulyanova wrote in a 1932 letter to Josef Stalin, who succeeded Lenin after his death in 1924.
Moses Blank.. does it sound russian to you?
ynetnews.com
>/leftypol/ this desperate
Tyler White
>an article that provides zero sources and just makes claims
Austin Wright
That's his converted grandfather.
Nobody could be this stupid, it is obvious you are purposefully trying to spread lies.
Nicholas Martinez
Don't forget how it even mentions that the authenticity of the letter is disputed. And even if it is the case, a maternal grandfather converting does not make the children Jewish by Jewish law.
Carter Reed
>Moses Blank
>Not jew
Nice bait I almost thought you were hardcore marxists.
David Evans
>Literally 80% of the bolshevik party was jewish.
STORMFAG LIE DETECTED.
LET US DEBUNK THIS BULLSHIT CLAIM:
Latvians, Lithuanians, Finns, Poles, and Ossetians were all more proportionally represented among the Bolsheviks than Jews. This is also shown in There was never a time where less than half of the Bolsheviks were ethnic Russians. Thus making the 80% Jewish claim impossible.
Brody Anderson
Nobody said his converted grandfather wasn't a jew. Can you make a single post without lying?
Or the fact that it says that lenin didn't know about it. How did he participate in a jewish conspiracy exactly?
Aaron Allen
>There was never a time where less than half of the Bolsheviks were ethnic Russians
According to this book, amazon.com
Levi Roberts
That's her father, you just proved my point. Her mother was a Nazarene Shiksa whore and she is too by proxy. He didn't marry a Jewish women and even assimilated to shitty Goy Christian culture so none of his descendants can be considered Jews. This is how Judaism works.
Jose Scott
1)Who the FUCK is Moses Blank. The two articles that mention this name "Moses Blank" says he's just some Jewish dude from the Ukraine. (he is mentioned nowhere else on the internet)
2) I'm a Conservative.
Ian Campbell
>North Korea
>Cuba
So Marxism is based then?
Iran isn't socialist but state ideology is heavily inspired by Marxism-Leninism
Luis Rodriguez
Her mother was raised a jew and converted to Christianity to avoid ''persecution'' (in fact it was to gain access to school)
Raised a jew = jew.
Lenin wasn't a blatant jew like Trotsky(bronstein) but still a jew.
Adrian Ramirez
According to this book:
amazon.com
You are a complete faggot that can give a single piece of evidence. It's on page 134, you'll have to believe me.
Jackson Harris
>Raised a jew = jew.
Except to be a jew your mother has to be a jew.
Angel Flores
>Who the FUCK is Moses Blank
Lenin's Jewish grandfather who converted to Christianity, married some non-Jewish women and had some Gentile Christian children with them. These Gentile children had kids with more Gentiles, and now people accuse these gentiles of being Jewish because they are ignorant.
Asher Bennett
>just posts an amazon link
"it's right here guys!"
This book says you're wrong though:
amazon.com
It's on page 1
You can't find it online though and I refuse to provide evidence.
Isaac Powell
>Still being a marxist denying the jewish root of Bolshevism
Western society was a mistake
Cooper Nguyen
You really can't make a single post without lying, can you?
Jackson Gonzalez
Woah, really? I never guessed.
What kind of faggot is OP? The sort that just fucks dudes, or the sort that rents his ass out to every horny guy in town and then sells his AIDS encrusted, piss and semen soaked shit to rogue states developing biological weapons?
Ethan Martin
>Her mother was raised a jew
False. She wasn't. Her father was a observant Christian, as was her Mother. Her shiksa mother sure didn't convert.
>Raised a jew = jew
Then by definition she isn't, nor is Lenin.
>Lenin wasn't a blatant jew like Trotsky but still a jew.
You are just lying though. He is not Jewish by any definition whatsoever.
Dominic Young
...