1. C because the implicit multiplication of the coefficient is not considered to belong to the parentheses in order of operation.
2. A because look at it it's 3 and 5/9 compared to 1 and 5/9 and the rest of those are fucking ridiculous.
3. The minimum of Japan itself I don't know but the proven minimum for any map of any territory is 4, as proven by... the Four Color Map Theorem. So D probably?
4. D because "deca-" means "ten" and each point of the five-pointed star uses two sides and choices A and C aren't even polygons. B is a quadrilateral.