Greek Pantheon

Which gods have non-Indo-European origins

Dionysus

Hera, Apollo, Dionysus, Persephone, Aphrodite, and Poseidon (in his aspect as earthquake god)

Most comfy game of all time.

Hekate.

Don't forget to explain why/give sources

Many of the greek gods and Titans have Afro-Asiatic origin, mainly that of Ethiopian and berber, especially the ones associated with phenomenas rather than elements, Atlas for example comes from western North Africa.
There is Cyre, Athena was considered by Herodotus to be of Libyan origin, Poseidon was also important to eatern berbers because they need floods in order to farm, a bunch of weird animals like Nymphs, Medusa, Chimeras, Gorgons and Chimrae were also North African folklore that seeped through Cyrenaica.
Oh and Atlas and his many daughters, and his son Atlas.

Hera is old pelasgian deity, just like other deities connected etymologically to her, like Herakles or Hermes
Apollo is a deity of Asia Minor, named Apulinas in Troada
Aphrodite comes from Cyprus, where the earliest attestations come from, and is connected with ANE goddesses, especially Astarte

Dionysus is actually indoeuropean deity, his name meaning "God of (mount) Nysa".
Poseidon is hard, because we don't know from where his name come from. If it's from Potis-Ge, he would be a indoeuropean deity.

Of course you have to remember that "Olympian pantheon" was heavily syncretised already in classical times, and many different traditions were mixed up there: indoeuropean, pelasgian and oriental.

>Poseidon is hard, because we don't know from where his name come from. If it's from Potis-Ge, he would be a indoeuropean deity.
Are there any Indo-European deities with same roots? I assume neptune isn't one of them

>with same roots
Potis Ge would mean "husband of Earth", totally normal epithet for sky gods
> I assume neptune isn't one of them
Neptune originally was god of water, mostly sweet water, from springs and clouds, which fits skygod function nicely. He was identified with late Poseidon and then taken as king of seas. But at first he didn't have much to do with seas.

Persephone was an old goddess called Kore

She was relegated to being the PIE Hades wife

It is thought that primordial deities were of non-IE origins and myths like titanomachy and gigantomachy were based on folk memory of old gods being replaced with a new pantheon.

There were also scores of local myths that "current" gods replaced, sometimes violently, old deities. The oracle in Delphi was originally dedicated to a serpentine deity called Python, until Apollo came and slew him.

oh yeah, Greece were invaded not only from the north
plenty of cities, like Corynthus, were connected with Levantine civilisation, which can (but not have to) imply colonisation. Of instance, there was a hero Melikertes, who is exactly the same as Tyrian hero Melkart. Add the fact, that deities like Apollo came from Asia Minor, Ares came from Thrace, and there were plenty of Pelasgian and Cretan deities arount (like Cretan Zeus who died and was buried) and you get the picture of Greece being a total mixture of different myths, gods and ideas.

Probably has to do with the various migrations that came into the region with the waves of Dorians, Ionians, Hellenese, and what not interacting with the Minonans then later supplanting them.

Seems like there's not much to support that theory desu

>Sea god
>Steppenigger origin

>Seems like there's not much to support that theory desu
yeah, but there is no better alternative yet

Sounds about right.

The Soninke people of west africa used to worship a gigantic water snake god before Islam. After conversion they made a myth about a muslim hero slaying the “snake demon”.

In Sweden there’s a legend about a Christian King visited by Odin one day, who tries to convince him to worship the old gods again. The king gives this long speech talking how much the Aesir suck ass and why Jesus is superior, Odin is butthurt and fucks off after that.

My middle school teacher was Greek and she said the people of her island say that a Christian Saint physically chased away the few remaining Olympians who were hiding out in a cave with the sign of the cross.

Dunno why, but it almost makes me feel sad. Like when the elves leave Middle-Earth in the Fellowship of the Ring.

>Black Sea Steppe

All Gods have non-Indo-European origins.

Valid point. The Finnish bear god was likely a pan-north eurasia phenomenon

>Poseidon is hard

Poseidon is safely Indouropean. He was originally a god of horses and oaths and had lots of equivalents in other IE pantheons (for example Slavic Veles). When Proto-Greeks arrived to Greece, the importance of horses declined and Poseidon took up the role of sea deity. A remnant of Poseidon being a horse deity was in the common portrait of Poseidon riding a chariot, with hiccocampuses.

>titanomachy vs. gigantomachy
it might be old gods being replaced, some people have suggested that it's a memory of the conflict between the IE invaders/migrants vs. the indigenes. who knows
also as this guy pointed out, there are alot of gods whose etymologies are uncertain, but who share many aspects with other indo-european gods, which is why it might be preemptive to call them non-indo-european

Adonis

>hiccocampuses


Fuck, I meant hippocampusses.

>A remnant of Poseidon being a horse deity was in Poseidon being an actual horse deity.
FTFY
Poseidon is still the god of horses in the greek pantheon, he's their creator and they're one of his sacred animals.