Science is essentially falsifiable logical inquiry.
It relies on induction, deduction and to some extent abduction, in order to formulate logically viable hypotheses, which are falsifiable.
Falsifiability is what separates logic based philosophy from scientific inquiry.
Hypotheses are then tested via experimentation and the subsequent mathematical analysis of empirical evidence.
If the results of this process are in agreement with the predictions made by the hypothesis, then a theory is born.
Of course, theories are then tested by repeat experimentation, as well as a critical analysis of the methodology used in the original experiment carried out by others in the field.
If the theory stands the test of time, which usually takes around two or three decades, then it is generally referred to as a scientific fact.
Science is the highest form of logical inquiry and therefore it was born in philosophy.
In fact it is entirely based on the Socratic Method, with the addition of falsification via experimentation.
The only authorities in science are logical viability and quality of evidence, which subsequently rely on transparency.
The Greek persuasive techniques of ethos, pathos and logos are rhetorical tools that have no place in science.
Therefore, arguments relying on appeals to authority, for example, are wholly invalid.
This is tantamount to ethos, which is essentially an appeal to the credibility of the speaker and is based entirely on social prestige and dominance.
Dominance and prestige are only relevant to human beings, because we are primates living in hierarchical social structures.
Therefore, to make such an appeal is equivalent to reducing one’s intellectual capability to that of a bonobo on Ritalin.