Wtf? How is sodium not critical for muscle contraction?
> establishment of the membrane potential
> direct role on action potential.
> action potential that triggers muscle contraction does so via voltage-gated sodium channels causing a calcium influx that leads to muscle contraction
> muscles can contract via anaerobic means
> use ATP to contract, but ATP doesn’t necessarily require oxygen if it follows the less-efficient lactate formation pathway
> answer should be oxygen?
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Fuck off brainlet
??
Don't you think fucking oxygen is more crucial here? I agree that all of them actually play some part in muscle contraction, but you have to be stupid not to figure out they meant sodium here. Just look at the options you have.
ask your professor about it
> ATP can be made via anaerobic metabolism, skipping the need for oxygen
actually sodium-potassium pump is responsible for action potentials that run along all the motor neurons which trigger muscle contraction
meat.tamu.edu
Muscle contraction flow chart (figure 3.8)
Contraction Phase
>Resting state
>Motor nerve action potential arrives at motor end plate
>Acetylcholine released, sarcolemma and membranes depolarized (Na+ flux into fiber)
>Action potential transmitted via T-tubules to SR
>Ca++ released from SR terminal cisternae into sarcoplasm
>Ca++ bound by troponin
>Myosin ATPase activated and ATP hydrolyzed
>Tropomyosin shift from actin binding site
>Actin-myosin crossbridge formation
>Repeated formation & breaking of crossbridges resulting in sliding of filaments and sarcomere shortening
It seems like sodium is required during the depolarization step.
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, so the depolarization step counts as a transmission step, and not a muscle contraction step.
University: where your grade depends on obsessing over how to interpret stupidly worded MC questions where there is no right answer.
This question is shit and you should force oral sex on anyone who says otherwise.
...
Similar to the Bar Exam for lawyers, its not what is the right answer, but what is the least wrong answer. Shades of grey bitches
oxygen is the least wrong answer
Sodium floods into the sarcolemma, disrupting the electrical conditions of the sarcolemma and causing an electrical signal to pass down the muscle fiber.
Glucose and oxygen are both not necessary.
They're both involved in the generation of ATP but neither of them are strictly necessary. You can use files other than glucose like sucrose or protein or fats to get atp, and you can break down glucose to get ATP without oxygen .
Part of muscle movement is even done with special stores I can't remember the name of and it's only once you use up these energy stores that you start breaking down new fuel.
So it's a total coin flip whether you say oxygen or glucose is less necessary for muscle contraction
Shit question and the examiner is probably a retarded biologist who doesn't deserve to teach.
>sucrose or protein or fats
You have to turn all of these into glucose to make ATP
Fats are converted to Acetyl-CoA and most proteins are converted to Krebs cycle intermediates.
Fair enough
Apparently not.
this
sometimes in school you can confront people and use your words and get a couple extra points
here's hoping you can stay calm and argue back like you would retards on Veeky Forums
With your logic, every element in the body is "critical" for muscle contraction because the body needs to be alive or at least mostly functioning for the muscles to contract in the first place.
Do Burger universities seriously use multiple choice tests in exams?
It looks like some fucktarded quiz that you take after reading a chapter in your biology 101 class where the answer depends on the content you just read, doesn't lend well to people who read ahead and know about the exceptions to the general rule.