>Now that I've said that, I never actually realized that momentum is just dE/dv
Neither did I (though that's only valid if your potential doesn't vary with velocity, otherwise I should've simply used K, so the relation dK/dv = p is what actually holds).
I just wanted to show the relations between them, so I have two things to work with
K = 1/2mv^2
dW = F dx
plus some secondary relationships
F = dp/dt = ma
So I can try, either integrate the second equation, or derive the first (because one of the equations involves derivatives) and see what that gives me, since I didn't want to write integrals, I went with the first.
Deriving that gave me dE/dv = mv, which happens to be momentum, so I know I am not completely off here, since F = dp/dt
So I just need to related these somehow.
So I go back to the second equation, a first try leads me to write F = dp/dt = d^2E/dvdt, but that's a pain in the ass, so I instead try rewriting dt, which gives me Fv dt, so I just substitute the equation for with an invariant mass, ma, so I get mav, which is pa.
Now it looks like we're almost there, so I substitute p for dE/dv, and dv for a dt, so it cancels out with the a dt on top, but that's needless complexity, so I instead substitute a dt for dv, giving the relation you see on the post.
It's not different than solving other physics problems, there's many times that while studying physics, you get questions that ask you to write such types of relationships.
So you have to look at what you have and kind of stumble around and see where that leads you.