Java or python?

Yeah, it's the brainlet's way

both are cancer

java is shit
python is tits but not a replacement for java (use C#)

Python. It's not fast, but it's good enough for gluing together bits of fast libraries together quickly.

Python is better for research than java. In fact if you are doing any research at all you should know python.

Yes, specifically Jython.

False

...

Python

C++17, then python when you're comfortable with it.

Python, but I prefer C.