Vacuum in space

Astronauts wear liquid carrying "cooling garments" underneath their pressure suits.
It's hard to get rid of heat when surrounded by vacuum.
Vacuum doesn't "suck" heat. When you're standing on another planet, you may need insulated gloves and boots to avoid losing heat to fast to objects you touch or walk on.

Spacesuits ARE blown up like balloons. Like party balloons, they tend to "spread eagle" astronauts as they attempt to maximize their internal volumes.
Doing work outside a spacecraft is extremely exhausting because you have to strain every time you bend a joint -- even your fingers.
Engineers cope by making "constant volume" joints and by reducing the pressure inside the suits, but the process is hardly perfect.

Space is filled with ether, which conducts electromagnetic radiation, and according to Boltzmann law, everything with non-zero temperature radiates heat away.
It's a small amount though, and that's why astronauts need cooling systems.

What's stopping the gaseous atmosphere of earth equilibrating with the vacuum of space?

gravity

Gravity stops helium rising?

Air is a mixture of gases, think of it as a glass of two liquids with different densities, one will eventually rest on the other but both respond to gravity yes?

Only molecules moving faster than orbital velocity escape Earth. Only a tiny fraction of atmospheric molecules are that speedy. The Earth DOES lose atmosphere but very very slowly.

Lighter atoms, like hydrogen and helium, move more rapidly than oxygen and nitrogen do at the same temperature. Earth loses hydrogen and helium at an appreciable rate. In fact, there are only trivial amounts remaining in our atmosphere. Almost all the hydrogen we have is locked up in compounds like water. Helium doesn't form compounds but is continually produced by radioactive decay within the Earth and is usually extracted along with natural gas.

So the Earth retains only oxygen and nitrogen.
The Moon retains nothing, being smaller and having a lower escape velocity.
The giant planets, like Jupiter and Saturn, retain everything (in addition to which, they're colder and their molecules are sluggish).

That's how density works, what need is there for gravity?

>watch movie
>someone is ejected in space
>if he doesn't instantly explode like a balloon then he's turned into an icicle after flailing for 2-3 seconds
explain this, Veeky Forums. have they been lying to me?

How does the sun retain helium and hydrogen?

pretty sure your blood just rushes to your upper body (away from legs, lack of gravity) and you suffocate (lack of air)

We need gravity or we would fly away.

wasn't there a case of a Russian astronaut which spacesuit blew so much up that he didn't came back in his shit
so he had to open his suit and blow his oxygen out to get back in.

We don't though because we are denser than the air.

Explosive decompression isn't nearly as gruesome as movies would have you believe. Turns out your skin is pretty good at keeping your insides inside of you.

Because the escape velocity at the surface of the Sun is terrifically high. Even so, the Sun IS continuously bleeding off gasses as the solar wind. But there's an awful lot of Sun!

Yes, I only vaguely remembered the story. But remembered enough that I could locate the details.
gizmodo.com/50-years-ago-the-first-spacewalk-nearly-ended-in-trage-1692303108

Cosmonaut had to decompress himself -- slowly, not explosively -- to squeeze back into his capsule. Didn't explode, but felt the "pins and needles" onset of The Bends.
See link at Skin is airtight (you don't fill up when you go diving, do you?) but needs mechanical support to resist internal pressure for more than a brief period. Experiments have been made with suits that are as tight as a superhero's outfit, at least in the arms and legs. Pressure is provided by the tension in the fabric. Still has to have internal padding to "fill in" places where human body is concave. But no air pressure, so no resistance to bending an arm.
Problem is getting into the thing! Worse than a woman wriggling into too-small pantyhose. Maybe someday...

A thermos does not create a vaccuum and astronauts as well as space equipment get hot, not cold.

Gravity is the force that allows materials of different density to sort themselves into layers. Otherwise there would be no effect.

No, we don't because the Earth's gravity pulls on us. That's why in a vacuum chamber you still feel gravity.

>Also why aren't the suits blown up like balloons if in space there is no pressure because there is vacuum and we need to have 100kPa in the suit to survive?

The space suit resists the conditions of space and creates conditions suitable for a human.

That's the whole fucking point.

just a note on Jupiter, it's actually gravitationally compressing itself. Which causes heating, in fact it emits more energy than it receives. But yea obviously this means it retains all it's mass

Jesus Christ.

>A thermos does not create a vaccuum
I think OP means vacuum insulated. In a good thermos it would have two glass layers with a tiny gap between them where air had been sucked out before sealing it.
Since heat doesn't can't conduct temperature well through a vacuum it keeps your warm stuff warm, and cold stuff cold.

>Maybe someday...
They've been working on skinsuits for decades. Using the mesh they use for burn patients as the basis, that supply a constant pressure. It's basically a mesh bodystocking you would wear under a wetsuit-like outer layer. keep the head and torso pressurized for convenience and comfort.
I think the big problem has always been testing it well enough to sell it to the Americans or Russians.